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<meta name="description" content="我们读取 EEPROM 的时候很简单，EEPROM 根据我们所送的时序，直接就把数据送出来了，但是写 EEPROM 却没有这么简单了。给 EEPROM 发送数据后，先保存在了 EEPROM的缓存，EEPROM 必须要把缓存中的数据搬移到“非易失”的区域，才能达到掉电不丢失的效果。而往非易失区域写需要一定的时间，每种器件不完全一样，ATMEL 公司的 24C02 的这个写入时间最高不超过 5ms。在">
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<meta property="og:description" content="我们读取 EEPROM 的时候很简单，EEPROM 根据我们所送的时序，直接就把数据送出来了，但是写 EEPROM 却没有这么简单了。给 EEPROM 发送数据后，先保存在了 EEPROM的缓存，EEPROM 必须要把缓存中的数据搬移到“非易失”的区域，才能达到掉电不丢失的效果。而往非易失区域写需要一定的时间，每种器件不完全一样，ATMEL 公司的 24C02 的这个写入时间最高不超过 5ms。在">
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="我们读取 EEPROM 的时候很简单，EEPROM 根据我们所送的时序，直接就把数据送出来了，但是写 EEPROM 却没有这么简单了。给 EEPROM 发送数据后，先保存在了 EEPROM的缓存，EEPROM 必须要把缓存中的数据搬移到“非易失”的区域，才能达到掉电不丢失的效果。而往非易失区域写需要一定的时间，每种器件不完全一样，ATMEL 公司的 24C02 的这个写入时间最高不超过 5ms。在">



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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">14.5、EEPROM多字节读写时序</h1>
        

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        <p>我们读取 EEPROM 的时候很简单，EEPROM 根据我们所送的时序，直接就把数据送出来了，但是写 EEPROM 却没有这么简单了。给 EEPROM 发送数据后，先保存在了 EEPROM的缓存，EEPROM 必须要把缓存中的数据搬移到“非易失”的区域，才能达到掉电不丢失的效果。而往非易失区域写需要一定的时间，每种器件不完全一样，ATMEL 公司的 24C02 的这个写入时间最高不超过 5ms。在往非易失区域写的过程，EEPROM 是不会再响应我们的访问的，不仅接收不到我们的数据，我们即使用 I2C 标准的寻址模式去寻址，EEPROM 都不会应答，就如同这个总线上没有这个器件一样。数据写入非易失区域完毕后，EEPROM 再次恢复正常，可以正常读写了。</p>
<p>细心的同学，在看上一节程序的时候会发现，我们写数据的那段代码，实际上我们有去读应答位 ACK，但是读到了应答位我们也没有做任何处理。这是因为我们一次只写一个字节的数据进去，等到下次重新上电再写的时候，时间肯定远远超过了 5ms，但是如果我们是连续写入几个字节的时候，就必须得考虑到应答位的问题了。写入一个字节后，再写入下一个字节之前，我们必须要等待 EEPROM 再次响应才可以，大家注意我们程序的写法，可以学习一下。</p>
<p>之前我们知道编写多.c 文件移植的方便性了，本节程序和上一节的 Lcd1602.c 文件和I2C.c 文件完全是一样的，因此这次我们只把 main.c 文件给大家发出来，帮大家分析明白。</p>
<p>而同学们却不能这样，同学们是初学，很多知识和技巧需要多练才能巩固下来，因此每个程序还是建议大家在你的 Keil 软件上一个代码一个代码的敲出来。</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">/*****************************I2C.c 文件程序源代码*******************************/</span><br><span class="line">（此处省略，可参考之前章节的代码）</span><br><span class="line">/***************************Lcd1602.c 文件程序源代码*****************************/</span><br><span class="line">（此处省略，可参考之前章节的代码）</span><br><span class="line">/*****************************main.c 文件程序源代码******************************/</span><br><span class="line">#include &lt;reg52.h&gt;</span><br><span class="line">extern void InitLcd1602();</span><br><span class="line">extern void LcdShowStr(unsigned char x, unsigned char y, unsigned char *str);</span><br><span class="line">extern void I2CStart();</span><br><span class="line">extern void I2CStop();</span><br><span class="line">extern unsigned char I2CReadACK();</span><br><span class="line">extern unsigned char I2CReadNAK();</span><br><span class="line">extern bit I2CWrite(unsigned char dat);</span><br><span class="line">void E2Read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char addr, unsigned char len);</span><br><span class="line">void E2Write(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char addr, unsigned char len);</span><br><span class="line">void MemToStr(unsigned char *str, unsigned char *src, unsigned char len);</span><br><span class="line">void main()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char i;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char buf[5];</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char str[20];</span><br><span class="line">    InitLcd1602(); //初始化液晶</span><br><span class="line">    E2Read(buf, 0x90, sizeof(buf)); //从 E2 中读取一段数据</span><br><span class="line">    MemToStr(str, buf, sizeof(buf)); //转换为十六进制字符串</span><br><span class="line">    LcdShowStr(0, 0, str); //显示到液晶上</span><br><span class="line">    for (i=0; i&lt;sizeof(buf); i++)&#123; //数据依次+1,+2,+3...</span><br><span class="line">        buf[i] = buf[i] + 1 + i;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    E2Write(buf, 0x90, sizeof(buf)); //再写回到 E2 中</span><br><span class="line">    while(1);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* 将一段内存数据转换为十六进制格式的字符串，</span><br><span class="line">str-字符串指针，src-源数据地址，len-数据长度 */</span><br><span class="line">void MemToStr(unsigned char *str, unsigned char *src, unsigned char len)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    unsigned char tmp;</span><br><span class="line">   </span><br><span class="line">    while (len--)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        tmp = *src &gt;&gt; 4; //先取高 4 位</span><br><span class="line">        if (tmp &lt;= 9)&#123; //转换为 0-9 或 A-F</span><br><span class="line">            *str++ = tmp + &apos;0&apos;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;else&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            *str++ = tmp - 10 + &apos;A&apos;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        tmp = *src &amp; 0x0F; //再取低 4 位</span><br><span class="line">        if (tmp &lt;= 9)&#123; //转换为 0-9 或 A-F</span><br><span class="line">            *str++ = tmp + &apos;0&apos;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;else&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            *str++ = tmp - 10 + &apos;A&apos;;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        *str++ = &apos; &apos;; //转换完一个字节添加一个空格</span><br><span class="line">        src++;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* E2 读取函数，buf-数据接收指针，addr-E2 中的起始地址，len-读取长度 */</span><br><span class="line">void E2Read(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char addr, unsigned char len)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    do &#123; //用寻址操作查询当前是否可进行读写操作</span><br><span class="line">        I2CStart();</span><br><span class="line">        if (I2CWrite(0x50&lt;&lt;1))&#123; //应答则跳出循环，非应答则进行下一次查询</span><br><span class="line">            break;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        I2CStop();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; while(1);</span><br><span class="line">    I2CWrite(addr); //写入起始地址</span><br><span class="line">    I2CStart(); //发送重复启动信号</span><br><span class="line">    I2CWrite((0x50&lt;&lt;1)|0x01); //寻址器件，后续为读操作</span><br><span class="line">    while (len &gt; 1)&#123; //连续读取 len-1 个字节</span><br><span class="line">        *buf++ = I2CReadACK(); //最后字节之前为读取操作+应答</span><br><span class="line">        len--;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    *buf = I2CReadNAK(); //最后一个字节为读取操作+非应答</span><br><span class="line">    I2CStop();</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">/* E2 写入函数，buf-源数据指针，addr-E2 中的起始地址，len-写入长度 */</span><br><span class="line">void E2Write(unsigned char *buf, unsigned char addr, unsigned char len)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    while (len--)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        do &#123; //用寻址操作查询当前是否可进行读写操作</span><br><span class="line">            I2CStart();</span><br><span class="line">            if (I2CWrite(0x50&lt;&lt;1))&#123; //应答则跳出循环，非应答则进行下一次查询</span><br><span class="line">                break;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            I2CStop();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; while(1);</span><br><span class="line">        I2CWrite(addr++); //写入起始地址</span><br><span class="line">        I2CWrite(*buf++); //写入一个字节数据</span><br><span class="line">        I2CStop(); //结束写操作，以等待写入完成</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>函数 MemToStr：可以把一段内存数据转换成十六进制字符串的形式。由于我们从EEPROM 读出来的是正常的数据，而 1602 液晶接收的是 ASCII 码字符，因此我们要通过液晶把数据显示出来必须先通过一步转换。算法倒是很简单，就是把每一个字节的数据高 4 位和低 4 位分开，和 9 进行比较，如果小于等于 9，则直接加„0‟转为 0～9 的 ASCII 码；如果大于 9，则先减掉 10 再加„A‟即可转为 A～F 的 ASCII 码。</p>
<p>函数 E2Read：我们在读之前，要查询一下当前是否可以进行读写操作，EEPROM 正常响应才可以进行。进行后，读最后一个字节之前的，全部给出 ACK，而读完了最后一个字节，我们要给出一个 NAK。</p>
<p>函数 E2Write：每次写操作之前，我们都要进行查询判断当前 EEPROM 是否响应，正常响应后才可以写数据。</p>

      
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